Atharv Gyan

Building an operating system is a complex and low-level task, and the choice of programming languages is critical.  Here are some of the programming languages commonly used for building operating systems: 1. Assembly Language : Assembly is the lowest-level programming language and is often the primary choice for OS development. It allows for direct control over the hardware and provides a level of detail required for an OS. 2. C: C is widely used in OS development due to its efficiency, low-level system access, and portability. Many parts of popular operating systems, like the Linux kernel, are written in C. 3. C++: While less common than C, C++ is used in some modern operating systems. It offers additional features like object-oriented programming and can be used for certain parts of an OS. 4. Rust: Rust has gained popularity for OS development, particularly for its memory safety features and performance. It provides low-level control without some of the pitfalls of C ...

In the realm of Python programming, iterators play a crucial role in facilitating efficient and memory-friendly iteration over data structures. The `itertools` module in Python is a powerful toolkit that offers a plethora of functions for creating and manipulating iterators. In this article, we'll delve into the depths of Python's `itertools` module to unlock its full potential and understand how it can streamline various iterative tasks. Understanding Iterators: Before we embark on exploring the `itertools` module, let's briefly recap what iterators are in Python. An iterator is an object that represents a stream of data. It enables sequential access to elements of a collection or a sequence without exposing the underlying implementation details. Iterators are used extensively in Python for looping constructs, such as `for` loops, and are an essential component of many built-in functions and modules. Introduction to itertools Module: The `itertools` module is a part of Pyt...

Top JavaScript Interview Questions and Expert Answers with Code Examples 1. Flatten a Nested Object Question : Write a function to flatten a nested JavaScript object. Code : function flattenObject(obj, prefix = '', res = {}) {   for (let key in obj) {     const newKey = prefix ? `${prefix}.${key}` : key;     if (typeof obj[key] === 'object' && obj[key] !== null) {       flattenObject(obj[key], newKey, res);     } else {       res[newKey] = obj[key];     }   }   return res; } console.log(flattenObject({ a: { b: { c: 1 } }, d: 2 })); // Output: { 'a.b.c': 1, d: 2 } 2. Find Duplicates in an Array Question : Write a function to find duplicate values in an array. Code : function findDuplicates(arr) {   const counts = {};   return arr.filter(item => counts[item] ? true : (counts[item] = 1, false)); } console.log(findDuplicates([1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5])); // Output: [2, 4] 3. Implement deboun...

Variables 1. Declaration var Historically, variables were declared using the var keyword. However, it has some scoping issues and is generally replaced by let and const in modern JavaScript. javascript var x = 10; let Introduced in ES6, let allows you to declare block-scoped variables. This means the variable is only available within the block it is defined. javascript let y = 20; const Also introduced in ES6, const is used to declare block-scoped variables that are read-only. Once a value is assigned to a const variable, it cannot be reassigned. javascript const z = 30; 2. Variable Scope Global Scope: Variables declared outside of any function or block are in the global scope and can be accessed from anywhere in the code. Function Scope: Variables declared within a function using var are confined to the function scope. Block Scope: Variables declared with let or const within a block (denoted by {}) are confined to that block. javascript if (true) {   var a = 40;  // global ...