Multinational companies (MNCs) like Google, Amazon, Netflix, and Microsoft focus less on syntax trivia and more on scalability, system design, and deep internal knowledge of the runtime. This guide covers the most high-impact topics. Part 1: Core JavaScript Deep Dives Focus: How the language actually works under the hood. 1. Explain the Event Loop in detail. How do microtasks differ from macrotasks? Answer: The Event Loop is the mechanism that allows Node.js to perform non-blocking I/O operations despite being single-threaded. It offloads operations to the system kernel whenever possible. Call Stack: Executes synchronous code. Macrotasks (Task Queue): setTimeout , setInterval , setImmediate , I/O callbacks. Microtasks (Microtask Queue): Promise callbacks ( .then / .catch ), process.nextTick . Critical Distinction: The Event Loop checks the Microtask Queue after every completed task in the Call Stack and before moving to the next Macrotask. This means process.nextTick and Prom...

Data structures are fundamental concepts in computer science that help organize and store data efficiently. In the context of AI and machine learning, understanding data structures is crucial because these fields often deal with large volumes of data that need to be processed and analyzed quickly. Here's a starter guide to some key data structures relevant to AI and machine learning: Arrays : Arrays are one of the simplest data structures, consisting of a collection of elements stored in contiguous memory locations. In AI and machine learning, arrays are often used to represent datasets, input features, or output predictions. Lists : Lists are similar to arrays but more flexible because they can dynamically resize. In Python, for example, lists can grow or shrink as needed, making them useful for managing datasets of varying lengths. Stacks : Stacks follow the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle, where the last element added is the first one to be removed. Stacks are commonly used ...

As noted earlier, a database management system is a complex piece of software that consists of a number of  modules.  The DBMS may be considered as an agent that allows communication between different types of  users with the physical database and the operating system without the users being aware of every detail of how it is done.  In addition to providing facilities for defining the database and retrieving information, a DBMS provides  facilities for the following: User communication with the system Authentication and authorization Query processing including a syntax checker and translator for the DDL and DML Access path selection Transaction management including concurrency control, logging manager, locking manager and recovery manager Database management including a file manager and the physical database Catalog manager To provide all these facilities and some others, a DBMS has system architecture like the simple architecture The various components of the d...